Alan Hubbard

The morning after Boris Johnson had, to use his own parlance, got Brexit done, I had a plaintive telephone call from a young football-loving relative. “Does this mean that that England will have to pull out of Euro 2020?” he asked. “And what happens about the European Championships?”

Good question, but I reassured him in the words of Boris’ unlamented predecessor Theresa May that “nothing has changed.” Well, not in this particular case.

Britain may be coming out of the European Union (EU) but we are still part of the continent of Europe and as such remain eligible to compete in all spheres of sport that are governed by European organisations.

However, this does not mean that Brexit will not have any effect on British sport. It certainly will, not least in football.

As a converted Brexiteer I applaud Britain shedding the shackles of the authoritarian EU, but I am aware that our lives will change. For the better I hope.

Just as in the infuriatingly prolonged debate over Brexit itself, argument now continues over whether it will have a good or bad impact on sport. A bit of both I think is the answer.

According to football agent Rachel Anderson, about half of Premier League players will need work permits eventually, and not all will get them. 

“The short-term impact would be huge but you could argue it will help in the long term as it could force clubs to concentrate on home-grown talent,” she says. I am all for that.

Baroness Karren Brady has spoken of the risks Brexit poses to English football ©Getty Images
Baroness Karren Brady has spoken of the risks Brexit poses to English football ©Getty Images

Players with an EU passport are currently free to play in Britain but those without must meet Home Office criteria which insists that they are established internationals for leading nations.

Analysis of squads in England's first two tiers and the Scottish Premiership shows that more than 300 players would fail to meet the current standards, including more than 100 Premier League players.

In a survey, all 20 Premier League clubs wanted to remain. Before bold Boris won the day, West Ham vice-chairman Baroness Karren Brady wrote to club bosses throughout Britain warning that a vote to leave would have "devastating consequences".

It is a complex situation as anything to do with Brexit always has been. 

Prior to this season, players without an EU passport were meant to have played in 75 per cent of the national side's competitive games over the past two years. But this only applied to nations ranked in FIFA's top 70.

Appeals were allowed for talented players from lower-ranked sides.

The new rules brought in after hard lobbying by the English Football Association were intended to strike a balance between a club wanting to hire the best available and the need for openings for young British players.

"While the focus of the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union is likely to be on the impact on the City and migration, the effect on the sports could be equally dramatic," according to Paul Shapiro, an associate at law firm Charles Russell Speechlys. 

That means the real effects could take some time to filter through, although he predicts a significant impact on various issues from the increased cost of transfers to problems with work permits for players from EU countries.

Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta is Spanish but never played for the national team - a fact that didn't prevent Everton and Arsenal being able to hire him during his playing career ©Getty Images
Arsenal manager Mikel Arteta is Spanish but never played for the national team - a fact that didn't prevent Everton and Arsenal being able to hire him during his playing career ©Getty Images

"However, we will not know how significant this will be until we have a clearer idea of the terms the UK negotiates for its continued relationship with the EU," he continues. 

"If the agreement with the EU includes broad free movement obligations, such as those currently in place with EEA [European Economic Area] members, the current position regarding the movement of players between the continent and the UK will most likely continue.

"If, instead, an agreement is reached which includes restrictions on the movement of persons and services, the impact on the sports world would be more significant. Firstly, English players may not be able to move to the continent freely and EU nationals could be subject to entry restrictions when seeking to play in England, if post-Brexit they are treated in the same way as current non-EU nationals."

Within a few hours of the result being confirmed, the Premier League played down concerns that the competition could be adversely affected by the developments.

"The Premier League is a hugely successful sporting competition that has strong domestic and global appeal. This will continue to be the case regardless of the referendum result," it said in a statement.

"Given the uncertain nature of what the political and regulatory landscape might be following the ‘Leave’ vote, there is little point second-guessing the implications until there is greater clarity."

Under the current rules, for example, Anthony Martial is one player who would no longer be eligible for a work permit having not featured in enough France games.

A more pressing concern for Premier League clubs is the fact that Brexit could end the influx of teenage players from the EU who were previously deemed "homegrown" players. Any player "registered with any club affiliated to The Football Association or the Football Association of Wales for a period, continuous or not, of three entire seasons, or 36 months, before his 21st birthday" is considered homegrown - irrespective of nationality or age. Current Premier League rules state that clubs must include eight such players in their 25-man squads.

Lawrence Okolie is the European cruiserweight champion ©Getty Images
Lawrence Okolie is the European cruiserweight champion ©Getty Images

But it is not just football that could feel the pinch. Cricket and rugby authorities have confirmed they will wait until the terms of Britain’s exit from the EU are finally agreed before looking at the regulations governing overseas players.

The only sport I could discover which has direct links to the EU is boxing, where there are secondary European Boxing Union belts issued to athletes from EU countries. Britain has had a number of EU titleholders but at the moment there is only one, former Rio 2016 Olympian Lawrence Okolie, 27, who in theory would have to relinquish the cruiserweight belt. However, as he also holds the full European title and is a leading contender for a world title shot this is unlikely to bother him. 

There is also an EU Championship for amateur boxers, from which Team GB eventually would have to withdraw.

Now Brexit is upon us, yet another major leap into the sporting unknown could be over the likely loss of funding from the EU at grassroots level. Erasmus+ is a funding programme created and run by the EU. The programme offers grants to, among a number of other areas, sporting organisations and public bodies in need of assistance with innovative projects.

Plus, universities, sporting bodies and national governing bodies are free to apply for EU structural funding. Designed to shorten regional disparities for wealth and opportunities, sport is just one of the areas where organisations can gain funding in order to drive projects and participation in areas of society that are traditionally starved of opportunity.

Overall there is obviously major concern in British sport that Boris getting Brexit done as he promised may have opened a can of worms on the playing field.